With the near-universal changeover to TCP/IP protocols in the years following 1982, the word Internet became the common term for referring to the worldwide network of research, military, and university computers.
In 1983, ARPAnet was divided into ARPAnet and MILNET. MILNET was soon integrated into the Defense Data Network, which had been created in 1982. ARPAnet's role as the network backbone was taken over by NSFNET (the National Science Foundation NETwork), which had been created in 1986 with the aid of NASA and the Department of Energy to provide an improved backbone speed of 56Kbps for interconnecting a new generation of research supercomputers. Connections proliferated, especially to colleges, when in 1989 NSFNET was overhauled for faster T1 line connectivity by IBM, Merit, and MCI. ARPAnet was finally retired in 1990.
In 1993, InterNIC (the Internet Network Information Center) was created by the National Science Foundation to provide information, a directory and database, and registration services to the Internet community. InterNIC is, thus, the closest thing there is to an Internet administrative center. However, InterNIC doesn't dictate Internet policy or run some huge central computer that controls the Net. Its sole purpose is to handle organizational and "bookkeeping" functions, such as assigning Internet addresses (see the sidebar, "Domain Names").
In 1983, ARPAnet was divided into ARPAnet and MILNET. MILNET was soon integrated into the Defense Data Network, which had been created in 1982. ARPAnet's role as the network backbone was taken over by NSFNET (the National Science Foundation NETwork), which had been created in 1986 with the aid of NASA and the Department of Energy to provide an improved backbone speed of 56Kbps for interconnecting a new generation of research supercomputers. Connections proliferated, especially to colleges, when in 1989 NSFNET was overhauled for faster T1 line connectivity by IBM, Merit, and MCI. ARPAnet was finally retired in 1990.
In 1993, InterNIC (the Internet Network Information Center) was created by the National Science Foundation to provide information, a directory and database, and registration services to the Internet community. InterNIC is, thus, the closest thing there is to an Internet administrative center. However, InterNIC doesn't dictate Internet policy or run some huge central computer that controls the Net. Its sole purpose is to handle organizational and "bookkeeping" functions, such as assigning Internet addresses (see the sidebar, "Domain Names").
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