By the mid-1970s, many government agencies were on the ARPAnet, but each was running on a network developed by the lowest bidder for their specific project. For example, the Army's system was built by DEC, the Air Force's by IBM, and the Navy's by Unisys. All were capable networks, but all spoke different languages. What was clearly needed to make things work smoothly was a set of networking protocols that would tie together disparate networks and enable them to communicate with each other.
In 1974, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn published a paper titled "A Protocol for Packet Network Internetworking" that detailed a design that would solve the problem. In 1982, this solution was implemented as TCP/IP. TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol; IP is the abbreviation for Internet Protocol. With the advent of TCP/IP, the word Internet-which is a portmanteau word for interconnected networks-entered the language.
The TCP portion of the TCP/IP provides data transmission verification between client and server: If data is lost or scrambled, TCP triggers retransmission until the errors are corrected.
The IP portion of TCP/IP moves data packets from node to node. It decodes addresses and routes data to designated destinations. The Internet Protocol (IP) is what creates the network of networks, or Internet, by linking systems at different levels. It can be used by small computers to communicate across a LAN (Local Area Network) in the same room or with computer networks around the world. Individual computers connected via a LAN (either Ethernet or token ring) can share the LAN setup with both TCP/IP and other network protocols, such as Novell or Windows for Workgroups. One computer on the LAN then provides the TCP/IP connection to the outside world.
The Department of Defense quickly declared the TCP/IP suite as the standard protocol for internetworking military computers. TCP/IP has been ported to most computer systems, including personal computers, and has become the new standard in internetworking. It is the protocol set that provides the infrastructure for the Internet today.
TCP/IP comprises over 100 different protocols. It includes services for remote logon, file transfers, and data indexing and retrieval, among others.
In 1974, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn published a paper titled "A Protocol for Packet Network Internetworking" that detailed a design that would solve the problem. In 1982, this solution was implemented as TCP/IP. TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol; IP is the abbreviation for Internet Protocol. With the advent of TCP/IP, the word Internet-which is a portmanteau word for interconnected networks-entered the language.
The TCP portion of the TCP/IP provides data transmission verification between client and server: If data is lost or scrambled, TCP triggers retransmission until the errors are corrected.
| Note |
You've probably heard the term socket mentioned in conjunction with TCP/IP. A socket is a package of subroutines that provide access to TCP/IP protocols. For example, most Windows systems have a file called winsock.dll in the windows/system directory that is required for a Web browser or other communications program to hook up to the Internet. |
The IP portion of TCP/IP moves data packets from node to node. It decodes addresses and routes data to designated destinations. The Internet Protocol (IP) is what creates the network of networks, or Internet, by linking systems at different levels. It can be used by small computers to communicate across a LAN (Local Area Network) in the same room or with computer networks around the world. Individual computers connected via a LAN (either Ethernet or token ring) can share the LAN setup with both TCP/IP and other network protocols, such as Novell or Windows for Workgroups. One computer on the LAN then provides the TCP/IP connection to the outside world.
The Department of Defense quickly declared the TCP/IP suite as the standard protocol for internetworking military computers. TCP/IP has been ported to most computer systems, including personal computers, and has become the new standard in internetworking. It is the protocol set that provides the infrastructure for the Internet today.
TCP/IP comprises over 100 different protocols. It includes services for remote logon, file transfers, and data indexing and retrieval, among others.
No comments:
Post a Comment